Jumu’ah
Sunnah Prayers before and After Jumuah
Assalamu’alikum,
Wa ‘alaikum Salam wa RahmatuLlah,
It is recommended to pray two or four rak’ats before and after the Friday prayer. Under the discussion of supererogatory prayers, our jurists state: the sunnah prayers of Jumu’ah are just like the sunnah prayers of duhr (in number). (al-Anwar, 1:161)
Making Up Missed Prayers of Jumuah
Assalamu ‘alaykum, I intend make up my missed prayers from when I was young. Do I treat missed jummah prayers as dhuhr and pray 4 rakahs, or do I have to pray 2 rakahs?
Friday Prayers with Less Than 40
Question:
Assalamualaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuhu. We live in a community with a few masajid that offer Salat-ul-Jumma however due to the tight schedule of many students, we also have a small University congregation that comes together every Friday to perform Salat-ul-Jumma’ in a building open to anyone (non-University individuals as well). I often have been asked to lead the Khutbah which leads me to my question. I have read on the website about the issue of having 40 congregants and thus my question is regarding the desirability of leading a congregation of anywhere between 10-30 individuals when you had advance knowledge of the rough numbers being less than 40. The reason I ask this is because there are very few brothers here willing to lead the Khutbah. Lastly, if it is permissible to lead the Khutbah, would it be desirable to offer Salat-ul-Dhuhr as a precaution afterwards?
Country: United States
Answer:
Wa alaykum salam wa rahmatuLlahi wa barakatuHu,
As known, the number of participants needed to perform the Friday prayer is an issue upon which the scholars differ.
In Kitab al-Umm v. 2, p. 378-80, and likewise in Mukhtasar al-Muzani p. 42, Imam Shafi’i discussed requirements for the number of participants, the characteristics of the town in which the Friday prayer is performed, and specifics regarding those attending. Imam Shafi’i opined that forty participants are the minimum to ensure validity. It is the Madhhab’s well-known view, being documented in Imam Shafi’i’s books and transmitted from the majority of the As-hab al-Wujuh, as Imam Nawawi stated in Sharh al-Muhadhdhab v. 4, p. 502.
Performing the Friday Prayer Before Zawal
Question:
Assalamu Alaikum,
Many of the masjids in my area perform the Friday prayer before the time of zuhr. For example, during Friday the time of zuhr is 1:00 PM. The masjid has two Jumah salahs. The 1st is at 11:45 AM and the 2nd Jumah is on 1:15 PM. Must I repeat the Jumah salats that I prayed on 11:45?
Wassalam
Country: United States
Answer:
Wa alaykum salam wa rahmatuLlahi wa barakatuHu,
Imam Shafi’i stated,
والوقت الذي تجوز فيه الجمعة ما بين أن تزول الشمس إلى أن يدخل وقت العصر
“The time which is permissible to make in it the Friday prayer is what is between the sun’s passing it zenith until asr’s time enters.” (Kitab al-Umm v. 2, p. 387)
Performing the Friday prayer only after the sun passes its zenith [zawal] is the view of the majority, including Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik, and Imam Abu Hanifa. According to Imam Ahmad and Imam Is-haq, the Friday prayer may be performed before the sun passes its zenith. (Sharh al-Muhadhdhab v. 4, p. 511; Sharh Sahih Muslim v. 6, p. 1073)
Therefore, the ruling according to the Shafi’i School is that one may only perform the Friday prayer after the sun has passed its zenith i.e. the Friday prayer’s time is the same as zuhr’s. (Mughni al-Muhtaj v. 1, p. 541)
And Allah knows best.
Shafiifiqh.com Fatwa Dept.
Read MoreShould Jumuah or Janazah be made first?
Question:
If a person passes away on Friday, is it better to bury him after Jumuah or before Jumuah?
Country: United States
Answer:
Wa alaykum salam wa rahmatuLlahi wa barakatuHu,
If a Friday prayer and funeral prayer enter, and time is not tight, then the funeral prayer must be made first. If time is tight, then the Friday prayer may be performed first. (Sharh al-Muhadhdhab v. 5, p. 56; Tuhfat al-Muhtaj v. 3, p. 64)
Ibn ‘Abd al-Salam was in charge of the Friday prayer in Egypt’s ‘Amr b. al-As mosque. He would perform the funeral prayer before the Friday prayer, and then give fatwa that those needed to carry the deceased and the deceased’s family should proceed for burial (without performing the Friday prayer first). (Tuhfat al-Muhtaj v. 3, p. 64)
And Allah knows best.
Shafiifiqh.com Fatwa Dept.
Read MoreBuying and Selling During the Friday Prayer
Question:
Assalaamu ‘Alaikum
I would like to know the ruling with regard the permissibility or the non-permissibility of transacting at the time of the call of the adhaan for the Jumu’ah prayer. Shukraan.
Answer:
Wa alaykum salam wa rahmatuLlahi wa barakatuHu,
In the 9th verse of Surah al-Jumu’ah, Allah the Almighty says,
“O You Who Believe, when the call is made for prayer on Friday, then hasten to remember Allah and leave your trade…”
In Rawdah al-Talibin, Imam Nawawi mentioned that on Friday, before the sun has passed its zenith, buying/selling is permitted. And on Friday, after the sun passed its zenith, but prior to the prayer, it is disliked. After the imam is on the minbar and the adhan has been called, then it is unlawful. If one who does not need to perform the Friday prayer transacts with one who does, then they have both sinned. If adhan is made before the imam is on the minbar, then it is not unlawful. When one hears the adhan and sets out to the mosque intending the prayer, and subsequently enters into a transaction en route, or reaches the mosque and enters into a transaction there, it is not unlawful. According to the relied-upon opinion, transacting in the mosque on Friday is disliked. In the Ziyadah, Imam Nawawi stated that all transactions and occupations are similar to a sale [bay’]. Even if unlawful, transactions at this time are valid. (v. 1, p. 552-53)
Arabic quotation:
In Minhaj al-Talibin, this is stated in brief,
“It is unlawful for one having to make the Friday prayer that he is occupied with buying/selling or something else, after the adhan has went between the khatib’s two hands [KS: in a state of sitting on the minbar]. If he buys/sells it is valid. It is disliked before the adhan and after the sun has passed its zenith. And Allah knows best.”
Arabic quotation:
In Mughni al-Muhtaj, an exception is related from Adhra’i and others. If one needs to purchase something, like water for purification, clothing to cover one’s nakedness, or food for one in extreme hunger, then it is permissible. (v. 1, p. 443)
Arabic quotation:
In conclusion, Allah has prohibited buying and selling so that one is not distracted away from performing Friday prayers. Analogously, other transactions and occupations are also prohibited at that time. Business is permitted on Fridays. However, between the sun’s passing its zenith and the prayer business is disliked, and after the adhan and the imam getting on the minbar it is unlawful; an exception is made for necessities.
And Allah the Almighty knows best.
Shafiifiqh.com Fatwa Dept.
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